Fee & Settlement Layer
Payment Abstraction: Multi-Asset Settlement & Fee Neutrality
While Gasless transactions address the user-side fee barrier, Payment Abstraction redefines how fees are sourced and settled within the system.Legacy blockchains restrict gas payments to native tokens (e.g., ETH), creating friction in cross-chain and multi-asset ecosystems and forcing users and institutions to constantly perform token swaps and top-ups, creating liquidity fragmentation and a discontinuous user experience.In StakeStone’s Fee Layer, Payment Abstraction—built atop Account Abstraction and relayer infrastructure—makes the fee source programmable. Any verified asset can act as gas, enabling a unified multi-asset payment system under a single account.Key Components:
Multi-Asset Gas Payments: Users can pay network fees using stablecoins (USDC, DAI, CUSD) or CBDCs, instead of being restricted to native tokens.
Intelligent Exchange Routing: An embedded router uses oracle-based FX rates for real-time conversions and accurate settlement.
Sponsored Fee & Incentive Mechanisms: Institutions, protocols, or merchants can sponsor gas fees, thereby supporting B2C and B2B incentive models.
Cross-chain Account Interoperability: One account can execute payments and transfers across multiple chains without switching mainnets or asset types.
This abstraction framework brings cross-chain neutrality and asset-agnostic settlement to StakeStone’s neo-bank architecture, transforming transaction fees into a programmable parameter that adapts to any asset, network, or participant.
Settlement Layer: Layered Settlement Architecture
The settlement layer of StakeStone’s Crypto-native Neo Bank is designed to support diverse capital flow scenarios, including:
Account transfers and balance management between user accounts;
DeFi/yield product Exchange Rate updates;
Cross-chain and multi-asset liquidity transfers;
Automated micropayments between AI agents.
Unlike traditional banks, the asset structure of a crypto-native bank is multi-sourced and contains complex liquidity routes. A single, uniform settlement logic cannot cover all asset types and transaction models. StakeStone therefore implements a layered settlement model based on asset characteristics and transaction scenarios.
Balance Settlement Layer
Handles transactions such as real-time transfers between accounts, payments, and settlements. Depending on transaction size, two blockchain settlement environments are required:
High-value, low-frequency transactions: settled directly on Ethereum L1.
Low-value, high-frequency transactions: processed in high-performance execution environments (e.g. L2 rollups/appchains) to achieve:
Real time usability for frequent payments, P2P payments, merchant settlements, and machine-to-machine micropayments;
Cost efficiency: reduced transaction costs through L2/app-chain gas efficiency, Gasless fee abstraction, and batch processing mechanisms.
Yield & NAV Settlement Layer
Unlike the Balance Settlement Layer, this component of StakeStone’s Crypto-native Neo Bank focuses on how yield-bearing tokens maintain accurate NAV updates on L2 or high-performance appchains.To achieve this, the settlement of yield certificates adopts an L1–L2 / appchain dual-layer coordination model:
L1 — Sole source of settlement and pricing
The pricing of yield tokens are calculated and updated exclusively on Ethereum L1, serving as the single authoritative source for price formation.
For large-value transactions, users can directly invest or redeem yield-bearing tokens based on native L1 pricing, with yield settlement completed on L1.
L2 / Appchains — Retail distribution through swap
Yield-bearing tokens bridged to L2/appchains are swapped by retail users via DEXs.
The purchase and redemption prices of these tokens are determined either by DEX liquidity or directly quoted by RFQ (Request for Quotation) providers.
The low transaction costs and high execution efficiency of L2/appchains allow yield-bearing tokens to reach a broader retail market, supporting smaller investors.
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